Welcome Visitors

Overview

This single-file export merges two internal “templates”: Dataset: Readymades and Illustrations Index. It organizes empirical object data and illustration groupings from:

Rhonda Roland Shearer, Gregory Alvarez, Robert Slawinski, Vittorio Marchi (textbox by Stephen Jay Gould), “Why the Hatrack is and/or is not Readymade,” Tout‑Fait (2000; updated 2019). Figures cited as “Illustration x / xA–xF” refer to that essay.

  • Use the sidebar nav or the Illustrations Index to jump to anchors within the dataset.
  • Comparative and methodological materials (Thonet models, black‑ground compositing, perspective diagnostics) appear in Related Works.

This page is intended as a neutral, structured reference; analysis claims are attributed to the Tout‑Fait essay unless otherwise noted.

Hatrack (1916–18; 1964)

Summary

  • Artist: Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968)
  • Common title(s): Hatrack (also “Readymade” in 1941 Boîte‑en‑valise)
  • Original: 1916–17 (lost)
  • Status: Known via 6 “snapshots” (5×2D, 1×3D)
  • Key claim (Shearer): Hook counts/curvatures vary; blueprint, edition, and photos do not converge to a single mass‑produced model.

Illustrations (key)

2A–F; 10–11A–C; 14A–E; 15A–B; 17–18A

Timeline of representations — as seen by spectators

Year (seen)RepresentationMedium / typeNotes (per Shearer)Illustrations
1918Tu m’ (detail)2D painted shadow 2 long + 3 short hooks in shadow (inverted reading)2A; 15A
1918 (photo)Ombres portées (Cast Shadows)2D photographed shadow 3 long + 2 short; ambiguous pairings2B; 17; 18A
1941Boîte‑en‑valise print (from studio)2D print Retouched from 1916–17 studio photo2C; 10
1960s (made 1916–17)Studio photograph (found later)2D photograph Altered studio view used for comparisons
1964Workshop drawing2D blueprint Traced/ambiguous; odd “separate” short hook; 2 long + 3 short2E; 11A–C
1964 (seen 1991)Schwarz edition (2nd version)3D wood model (ed. of 8) 6 equal hooks, radial symmetry; carved, not bentwood2F; 14A

Observations

  • Hook numbers, lengths, and curvatures change across the six depictions; a single 3D form cannot be reconstructed from the full set.
  • Blueprint vs. edition: 1964 blueprint (signed “okay, Marcel Duchamp”) does not match Schwarz’s final 3D form; the first version was reportedly rejected.
  • Comparandum: 1904 Thonet bentwood hatrack (#11022) is the closest historical type but still does not match any single depiction; see Thonet entry.

Trébuchet (Coatrack) — 1917; 1964

Summary

  • Title: Trébuchet (Coatrack)
  • Original: 1916–17 studio coatrack (photo); “nailed to floor” anecdote
  • Status: Known via 5 “snapshots” (4×2D, 1×3D)

Illustrations (key)

23A–E; 23F–I; 24A–C; 30–31A–B; 32A–C

Timeline of representations — as seen by spectators

Year (seen)RepresentationMedium / typeNotes (per Shearer)Illustrations
1941Boîte‑en‑valise print2D print Retouched from studio photograph23A; 23E
1960s (made 1916–17)Studio photograph (found later)2D photo Hooks lean backward; non‑uniform geometries23B; 24C
1964Schwarz edition3D iron & wood Straighter hooks; wood base proportions differ from studio23C
1983 (made 1940)“Working print” (Ecke Bonk)2D print Paper cut‑out over masked studio background; compositing matrix23D; 32A–C
1991 (made 1964)Blueprint published2D blueprint Iron specified; differs from studio geometry23E

Observations

  • Impossibility in material: Final sub‑hook bends could not occur in cast iron without breaking (at odds with “kicked around” if read as literal deformation in a single object).
  • Compositing evidence: Fluffy cut edges; mismatched perspectives across hooks; “working print” separates board vs. hooks, consistent with photo assembly.

Fountain (1917; 1964)

Summary

  • Title: Fountain
  • Original: 1917 urinal (lost)
  • Status: Known via 10 “snapshots” (8×2D, 2×3D)
  • Key claim (Shearer): Two distinct urinals represented in 1917; Stieglitz image likely a composite.

Illustrations (key)

34A–H; 35A–E; 36A–E; 37A–D; 38A–B; 39A; 40A–F; 41–43; 45; 46–47

Timeline of representations — as seen by spectators

Year (seen)RepresentationMedium / typeNotes (per Shearer)Illustrations
1917Stieglitz photo in The Blind Man No. 22D photograph Likely composite; drain‑hole “patch,” top/bottom perspective discontinuity; scale anomalies34A; 38A–B; 40A–C
1941Boîte‑en‑valise miniature3D model First 3D snapshot34B
1941Boîte print from studio photo2D print From 1916–17 studio image34C
1960s (made 1916–17)Studio photo (found later)2D photograph Used in tests vs. Bedfordshire type34D; 35B–E
1964An Original Revolutionary Faucet: Mirrorical Return2D etching Trace over Stieglitz with extra perspective piece (diagnostic)34E; 46A–C; 47A–B
1964Schwarz edition (2nd corrected)3D pottery (ed. of 8) First workshop model (from blueprints) lost34F
1964Engineering drawings2D blueprints Two sides + plan; basis for lost first model34G
1989 (found 1950s)Partial Stieglitz negative/print (Camfield)2D fragment Used to model compositing “steps”34H; 37A–D; 39A

Observations

  • Comparanda: Trenton Potteries “Bedfordshire (with lip)” best matches the studio photos, not the Stieglitz print (which resists single‑view reconstruction).
  • Compositing cues: Black‑ground behind urinal; inconsistent scales (tag/string/plinth), drain‑hole patch boundary under contrast; misaligned perspectives.
  • Editions: Schwarz could not source mass‑produced prototypes for multiple readymades; editions were newly manufactured (consistent with the broader Shearer pattern).

Bicycle Wheel (with Stool) — 1913; 1916–17; 1964

Summary

  • Title: Roue de bicyclette (Bicycle Wheel)
  • Status: Original and 2nd version lost; known via studio photos, Boîte print, 1964 blueprint, 1964 edition (8).

Key empirical notes

  • 1964 blueprint ambiguities (legs/rails misread from 1941 Boîte print); final edition regularizes symmetry beyond blueprint depiction. (12A–D)
  • ASRL 3D model tests of 1916–17 wheel indicate a decentered axis (non‑central hub) producing visible rotation effects. (16A–B)

In Advance of the Broken Arm (Snow Shovel) — 1915; 1964

Summary

  • Title: In Advance of the Broken Arm
  • Status: Analyzed via 1964 blueprint and Schwarz edition.

Key empirical notes

  • 1964 blueprint likely traced from a low-angle Man Ray photo; un‑corrected perspective convergence of shaft translated into a thinner/smaller physical model vs. measured edition. (13A–C)

Illustrations Index (internally linked)

Click the anchor links to jump to the associated dataset sections above.

Illustration no. (set)Subject / caption (short)Linked dataset anchor(s)Notes
1Note from the Green Box (1934)HatrackReadymade timing/seriality
2A–FHatrack time‑seriesHatrack timelineSix “snapshots”
3A–B; 4A–CWhite Box diagrams & applicationHatrackMental operations framing method
7A–D; 8A; 9; 10Thonet hatracks & wireframeHatrack · ThonetComparandum for Hatrack
11A–CHatrack blueprint overlayHatrack timelineDrafting anomalies
14A–ESchwarz Hatrack & Thonet standing rackHatrackCarved vs. bentwood “S”
15A–BTu m’ vs. ThonetHatrackShadow fragments
17; 18A–BOmbres portées; With Hidden NoiseHatrackComposite/mirror cue
23A–ECoatrack time‑seriesCoatrack timelineFive “snapshots”
23F–I; 30; 31A–BPhoto fakery diagnosticsCoatrackPerspective tests; fluffy edges
24A–CHistorical hooks vs. Schwarz baseCoatrackNon‑coincident geometries
32A–CBoîte working print & analysisCoatrack“Smoking gun” for compositing
34A–HFountain time‑seriesFountain timelineEight items → 10 “snapshots”
35A–E; 36A–EBedfordshire comparanda; match attemptsFountainStieglitz view resists single‑view
37A–D; 38A–B; 39AComposite tests; The Blind Man; partial StieglitzFountainCompositing “steps” hypothesis
40A–FDrain‑hole patch; catalog engravingsFountainPatch edge; molded edges context
41A–D; 42A–DBlack‑ground method examplesFountainMasking/transfer silhouette
43A–CUrinal animation analysesFountainDivergent “top vs. bottom” perspectives
45A–CTag/scale; hanging “against gravity”FountainScale anomalies; feasibility
46A–C; 47A–BEtching overlay & animationFountain“Multi‑view” signal (1964)
12A–DBicycle Wheel: print; blueprint; studio; editionBicycle WheelBlueprint vs. edition symmetry
16A–BBicycle Wheel: decentered axisBicycle WheelRotation effect
13A–CSnow Shovel: photo; blueprint; modelsSnow ShovelPerspective convergence
49A–D; 51A–G; 50A–BLarge Glass / Chocolate GrinderHatrack · Coatrack · FountainShared “multi‑view” method
55; 56A–B; 57A–C; 59–60Rotoreliefs; stereo pairs; Wanted Poster; 4D noteOptical context for fusion
62Picasso, Violin and GrapesCubist alternative

References

Primary empirical source

Rhonda Roland Shearer; Gregory Alvarez; Robert Slawinski; Vittorio Marchi; textbox by Stephen Jay Gould (2000; updated 2019). “Why the Hatrack is and/or is not Readymade: With Interactive Software, Animations, and Videos for Readers to Explore.” Tout‑Fait.

Figures referenced throughout: 1; 2A–F; 3A–B; 4A–C; 5–6; 7A–D; 8A; 9; 10–11; 12A–D; 13A–C; 14A–E; 15A–B; 16A–B; 17–18; 19A–B; 20A–C; 21A–B; 22A–C; 23A–E; 23F–I; 24A–C; 25A–B; 26A–B; 27–32; 33A–B; 34A–H; 35A–E; 36A–E; 37A–D; 38A–B; 39A; 40A–F; 41A–D; 42A–D; 43A–C; 44A–B; 45A–C; 46A–C; 47A–B; 48; 49A–D; 50A–B; 51A–G; 52A–F; 53–54A–C; 54D; 55; 56A–B; 57A–C; 59–60; 61–62.

General references (context & verification)

  • Arturo Schwarz, The Complete Works of Marcel Duchamp (rev. & expanded ed.).
  • Pierre Cabanne, Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp (1967) — quoted remarks on “mathematical, scientific perspective.”
  • Calvin Tomkins, Duchamp: A Biography.
  • Dawn Ades (ed.), Marcel Duchamp (Royal Academy; exhibitions).
  • William A. Camfield, Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain: Its History and Aesthetics in the Context of 1917 (1989).
  • Kirk Varnedoe & Adam Gopnik, High and Low: Modern Art and Popular Culture (MoMA, 1990).
  • Dino A. Brugioni, Photo Fakery: The History and Techniques of Photographic Deception and Manipulation (1999).
  • Thomas Girst, writings on Duchamp’s studio photographs and motifs (contextual notes).
↑ Top

© Compilation & formatting for research use. Empirical claims ascribed to the cited Tout‑Fait essay unless otherwise stated.

Save this page as index.html to use locally. All links are internal anchors.

<!-- ================================ Template:DuchampReadymadesData Combined empirical dataset for Duchamp readymades and related works Source of empirical claims, figure numbering, and illustration groupings: Rhonda Roland Shearer et al., “Why the Hatrack is and/or is not Readymade…”, Tout-Fait (2000; upd. 2019). This template aggregates object data for items explicitly analyzed or referenced in the essay. ================================ --> <noinclude> This template presents combined, internally-linked datasets for Duchamp readymades documented in the Tout‑Fait essay (Shearer et al.). Use together with: Template:ShearerIllustrationsIndex. * **Scope:** Hatrack; Trébuchet (Coatrack)]]; Fountain; Bicycle Wheel (with Stool); In Advance of the Broken Arm (Snow Shovel). * **Related / comparative works:** *Tu m’*; *Ombres portées (Cast Shadows); *A bruit secret* (With Hidden Noise); *Rotative plaques de verre*; *Rotoreliefs*; *Wanted Poster*; *The Large Glass*; *Chocolate Grinder*; *Green Box*; *White Box*; *The Blind Man* No. 2; Thonet hatrack; etc. * **Figures:** See Template:ShearerIllustrationsIndex for an index of Illustration nos. (2A–F, 34A–H, etc.) with links back into anchors below. </noinclude> == Readymades (empirical datasets) == === Hatrack (1916–18; 1964) === {{Anchor|hatrack}} ; Summary * **Artist:** Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) * **Common title(s):**Hatrack (also “Readymade” in 1941 Boîte entry) * **Original:** 1916–17 (lost) * **Status:** Known via 6 “snapshots” (5×2D, 1×3D) * **Key claim (per Shearer):** Six depictions diverge (hook counts/curvatures vary); blueprint vs. 3D edition vs. 2D photos do not converge to one mass-produced model. ; Timeline of representations — as seen by spectators {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Year (seen) !! Representation !! Medium / type !! Notes (per Shearer) !! Illus. |- | 1918 || *Tu m’* (detail) || 2D painted shadow || 2 long + 3 short hooks in shadow (inverted reading) || 2A; 15A |- | 1918 (photo) || *Ombres portées* (Cast Shadows) || 2D photographed shadow || 3 long + 2 short hooks; ambiguous pairings || 2B; 17; 18A |- | 1941 || Boîte-en-valise print (from studio) || 2D print || Retouched from 1916–17 studio photo; 2 long + 3 short || 2C; 10 |- | 1960s (made 1916–17) || Studio photograph (found later) || 2D photo || Altered studio view used for comparisons || – |- | 1964 || Workshop drawing || 2D blueprint || Traced/ambiguous; odd “separate” short hook; 2 long + 3 short || 2E; 11A–C |- | 1964 (seen 1991) || Schwarz edition (2nd version) || 3D wood model (ed. of 8) || 6 equal hooks, radial symmetry; carved, not bentwood || 2F; 14A]] |} ; Observations * Hook number, lengths, and curvatures vary across the six depictions; a single 3D form cannot be reconstructed from the set. * **Blueprint vs. edition:** 1964 blueprint (signed “okay, Marcel Duchamp”) does not match Schwarz’s final 3D form; first 3D version reportedly rejected. * **Comparandum:** 1904 Thonet bentwood hatrack (#11022) is the closest historical type but does not match any single depiction. (See also {{Anchor|works-thonet}} Thonet entry.) ---- ### Trébuchet (Coatrack) — 1917; 1964 {{Anchor|coatrack}} ; Summary * **Artist:** Marcel Duchamp * **Title:** ''Trébuchet'' (Coatrack) * **Original:** 1916–17 studio coatrack (photo); “nailed to floor” anecdote * **Status:** Known via 5 “snapshots” (4×2D, 1×3D) {{Anchor|coatrack-timeline}} ; Timeline of representations — as seen by spectators {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Year (seen) !! Representation !! Medium / type !! Notes (per Shearer) !! Illus. |- | 1941 || Boîte-en-valise print || 2D print || Retouched from studio photograph || 23A; 23E |- | 1960s (made 1916–17) || Studio photograph (found later) || 2D photo || Hooks lean backward; non-uniform geometries || 23B; 24C |- | 1964 || Schwarz edition || 3D iron & wood model || Straighter hooks; wood base proportions differ from studio || 23C |- | 1983 (made 1940) || “Working print” (Ecke Bonk) || 2D print || Paper cut-out of coatrack over masked background; “smoking gun” for compositing method || 23D; 32A–C |- | 1991 (made 1964) || Blueprint published || 2D blueprint || Iron specified; differs from studio geometry || 23E |} ; Observations * **Impossibility:** Final sub-hook bends cannot occur in cast iron without breaking (contradicting “kicked around” reading if taken as literal deformation in a single object/photo). * **Compositing evidence:** Fluffy cut edges, mismatched perspectives across hooks; “working print” shows separate masking of board vs. hooks consistent with photo assembly. ---- ### Fountain (1917; 1964) {{Anchor|fountain}} ; Summary * **Artist:** Marcel Duchamp * **Title:** ''Fountain'' * **Original:** 1917 urinal (lost) * **Status:** Known via 10 “snapshots” (8×2D, 2×3D) * **Key claim (per Shearer):** Two distinct urinals represented in 1917; Stieglitz image likely a composite. {{Anchor|fountain-timeline}} ; Timeline of representations — as seen by spectators {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Year (seen) !! Representation !! Medium / type !! Notes (per Shearer) !! Illus. |- | 1917 || Stieglitz photo in ''The Blind Man'' No. 2 || 2D photograph (publication) || Likely composited; drain-hole “patch,” scale anomalies, top/bottom perspective discontinuity || 34A; 38A–B; 40A–C |- | 1941 || Boîte-en-valise miniature || 3D model (miniature) || First 3D snapshot || 34B |- | 1941 || Boîte print from studio photo || 2D print || From 1916–17 studio image || 34C |- | 1960s (made 1916–17) || Studio photo (found later) || 2D photograph || Used in comparanda tests vs. Bedfordshire type || 34D; 35B–E |- | 1964 || ''An Original Revolutionary Faucet: Mirrorical Return'' || 2D etching || Tracing over Stieglitz + extra perspective part (diagnostic) || 34E; 46A–C; 47A–B |- | 1964 || Schwarz edition (2nd corrected) || 3D pottery, ed. of 8 || First workshop model (from blueprints) lost; second authorized || 34F |- | 1964 || Engineering drawings || 2D blueprints || Two sides + plan; basis for lost first model || 34G |- | 1989 (found 1950s) || Partial Stieglitz negative/print (Camfield) || 2D fragment || Used to model compositing “steps” || 34H; 37A–D; 39A |} ; Observations * **Comparanda:** Trenton Potteries “Bedfordshire (with lip)” best match for studio photos, not for Stieglitz print (which resists single-view reconstruction). * **Compositing cues:** Black-ground method behind urinal in studio; inconsistent scales (tag, string, plinth), drain-hole patch boundary under contrast; misaligned perspectives. * **Edition constraint:** Schwarz unable to source mass-produced prototypes; editions newly manufactured (consistent with broader Shearer findings). ---- ### Bicycle Wheel (with Stool) — 1913 (orig. lost); 1916–17 (2nd version, lost); 1964 {{Anchor|bicycle-wheel}} ; Summary * **Artist:** Marcel Duchamp * **Title:** ''Roue de bicyclette'' (Bicycle Wheel) * **Status:** Originals lost; known via studio photos, Boîte print, 1964 blueprint, 1964 edition of 8. ; Key empirical notes (per Shearer) * 1964 blueprint ambiguities (legs/rails misread from 1941 Boîte print); final edition regularizes symmetry beyond blueprint depiction. (Illus. 12A–D) * ASRL 3D model tests of 1916–17 wheel set indicate **decentered axis** (non-central hub), producing visible effects when rotated. (Illus. 16A–B) ---- ### In Advance of the Broken Arm (Snow Shovel) — 1915; 1964 {{Anchor|snow-shovel}} ; Summary * **Artist:** Marcel Duchamp * **Title:** ''In Advance of the Broken Arm'' * **Status:** Analyzed via 1964 blueprint and Schwarz edition. ; Key empirical notes (per Shearer) * 1964 blueprint likely traced from Man Ray photo shot from below; **un‑corrected perspective convergence** of shaft translated into a thinner, smaller physical model (vs. measured edition example). (Illus. 13A–C) ---- == Related / comparative works referenced == ; Analytical comparanda & contexts (used in tests or claims) {{Anchor|works-thonet}} {| class="wikitable" ! Work / object !! Artist / maker !! Date !! Type / role in essay !! Key tie to empirical sections !! Illus. |- | Thonet hatrack (style #11022; wall unit) || Thonet Bros. || 1904 || Design comparandum for Hatrack || Closest historical type; 3 “S” modules; wall-mounted || 7A–D; 8A; 9; 15B |- | *Tu m’* (hatrack shadow) || Marcel Duchamp || 1918 || Painting (shadow of hatrack) || 2 long + 3 short hooks; compared to Thonet/Hatrack || 2A; 15A |- | *Ombres portées* (Cast Shadows) || Marcel Duchamp || 1918 || Photograph (studio shadows) || Hatrack shadow with 3 long + 2 short; *With Hidden Noise* appears twice || 2B; 17; 18A |- | *A bruit secret* (With Hidden Noise) || Marcel Duchamp || 1916 || Readymade || Appears twice in Cast Shadows (composite/mirror) || 18A–B |- | *The Blind Man* No. 2 (P.B.T.) || (Journal) || 1917 || Publication || Venue for Stieglitz *Fountain* photo || 38A–B |- | *In the Manner of Delvaux* || Marcel Duchamp || 1942 || Photographic composite || Demonstrates montage competence (context for photo edits) || 21A |- | *Rotative plaques de verre* (Rotary Glass Discs) || Marcel Duchamp || 1920 || Kinetic / optical || Referenced in Man Ray studio photo (circular motif) || (Gould textbox) |- | *Rotoreliefs* || Marcel Duchamp || 1935 || Optical discs || 1‑eye stereo effect; interactive demo (context) || 55 |- | *Wanted Poster* || Marcel Duchamp || 1921 (printed 1941) || Poster (stereo experiment) || Box edges/portraits fuse stereoscopically || 57A–C |- | *The Large Glass* || Marcel Duchamp || 1915–23 || Major work || Empirical “multi‑view” mapping (~43 parts) || 49A–D; 51A–G |- | *Chocolate Grinder* || Marcel Duchamp || 1913–14 || Component motif || Used for perspective tests & animations || 49A; 51A–C |- | *Green Box* (notes) || Marcel Duchamp || 1934 || Notes (typographic ed.) || Readymade timing/seriality emphasis || 1 |- | *White Box* (''À l’infinitif'') || Marcel Duchamp || 1967 (notes 1911–15) || Notes || Two‑state (“general/particular”) diagrams (3A–B) || 3A–B; 4A–C |- | *Violin and Grapes* || Pablo Picasso || 1912 || Cubist painting || Context of alternatives to single‑view perspective || 62 |} ; Methods / forensics cited * Classic “black‑ground” compositing examples (1898 handbook). (Illus. 42A–D) * Dino A. Brugioni, *Photo Fakery* (1999): perspective diagnostics; “fluffy edges” (cut‑and‑paste artifacts). (Illus. 23H–I; 30; 31A–B) == References == * Rhonda Roland Shearer; Gregory Alvarez; Robert Slawinski; Vittorio Marchi; textbox by Stephen Jay Gould (2000; updated 2019). “Why the Hatrack is and/or is not Readymade: With Interactive Software, Animations, and Videos for Readers to Explore.” ''Tout‑Fait''. : **Figures referenced throughout:** 1; 2A–F; 3A–B; 4A–C; 5–6; 7A–D; 8A; 9; 10–11; 12A–D; 13A–C; 14A–E; 15A–B; 16A–B; 17–18; 19A–B; 20A–C; 21A–B; 22A–C; 23A–E, 23F–I; 24A–C; 25A–B; 26A–B; 27–32; 33A–B; 34A–H; 35A–E; 36A–E; 37A–D; 38A–B; 39A; 40A–F; 41A–D; 42A–D; 43A–C; 44A–B; 45A–C; 46A–C; 47A–B; 48; 49A–D; 50A–B; 51A–G; 52A–F; 53–54A–C; 54D; 55; 56A–B; 57A–C; 59–60; 61–62.

As with any thought and position of any worth, the following pages may disappear, they may be revised or amended, or they may harmlessly not belong to us in the first place. Federated Wiki is also not conclusive, so this could totally break

Pages about us.

Pages where we do and share.

You can edit your copy of these pages. Press [+] to add more writing spaces. See Recent Changes for more ideas. Try About Flagmatic Plugin for variations on a theme.

home

home